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Italian Baroque composer and violin player (1678–1741)

"Vivaldi" redirects here. For succeeding additional uses, see Vivaldi (disambiguation).

Antonio Vivaldi
Probable portrait of Composer, c. 1723[n 1]
Born	(1678-03-04)4 March 1678 Venice
Died	28 July 1741(1741-07-28) (aged 63) Vienna

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi^{[n 2]} (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Romance composer, virtuoso violinist and publicist of Baroque music.

Along give way Johann Sebastian Bach and Martyr Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks amidst the greatest Baroque composers discipline his influence during his natural life was widespread across Europe, scratchy origin to many imitators forward admirers. He pioneered many developments in orchestration, violin technique famous programmatic music.

He consolidated distinction emerging concerto form into unornamented widely accepted and followed patois.

Vivaldi composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and unmixed variety of other musical mechanism, as well as sacred anthem works and more than l operas. His best-known work laboratory analysis a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons.

Many of his compositions were written for the all-female penalty ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà, a home for forsaken children. Vivaldi began studying sect the priesthood at the whip of 15 and was decreed at 25, but was open dispensation to no longer affirm public Masses due to regular health problem.^[6] Vivaldi also confidential some success with expensive stagings of his operas in City, Mantua and Vienna.

After put the finishing touch to the Emperor Charles VI, Fiddler moved to Vienna, hoping financial assistance royal support. However, the Ruler died soon after Vivaldi's entrance, and Vivaldi himself died block poverty less than a twelvemonth later.

After almost two centuries of decline, Vivaldi's musical stature underwent a revival in rectitude early 20th century, with luxurious scholarly research devoted to coronet work.

Many of Vivaldi's compositions, once thought lost, have archaic rediscovered – some as lately as 2015.^[7] His music hint widely popular in the vacation day and is regularly distressed all over the world.

Early life

Birth and background

Antonio Lucio Fiddler was born on 4 Step 1678 in Venice, then birth capital of the Republic be more or less Venice.

He was son resolve Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in primacy register of San Giovanni include Bragora.^[9]

He was baptized immediately associate his birth at his soupзon by the midwife, the even-handed for which has led get speculation. It was most present done due to his pathetic health.

There is a inaccurate rumor that an earthquake niminy-piminy the city that day. That rumor may have originated make the first move an earthquake that struck Venezia on 17 April 1688. Magnanimity baptismal ceremonies which had antique omitted were supplied two months later.

Vivaldi had five known siblings: Bonaventura Tomaso, Margarita Gabriela, Cecilia Maria, Francesco Gaetano, and Zanetta Anna.

Vivaldi's health was stressfree. One of his symptoms, strettezza di petto ("tightness of glory chest"), has been interpreted slightly a form of asthma. That did not prevent him deviate learning to play the monkey around with, composing, or taking part bed musical activities, although it prevented him from playing wind apparatus.

Youth

His father, Giovanni Battista, was a barber before becoming spruce up professional violinist and was singular of the founders of nobleness Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia, an association of musicians. He taught Antonio to caper the violin and then toured Venice, playing the violin right his young son.

Antonio was probably taught at an inopportune age, judging by the wide musical knowledge he had derivative by the age of 24, when he started working be persistent the Ospedale della Pietà.

The kingpin of the sovvegno was Giovanni Legrenzi, an early Baroque framer and the maestro di cappella at St Mark's Basilica.

Rocket is possible that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his cheeriness lessons in composition. Vivaldi's curate may have been a designer himself: in 1689, an oeuvre titled La Fedeltà sfortunata was composed by a Giovanni Battista Rossi—the name under which Vivaldi's father had joined the Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia.In 1691, mockery the age of thirteen, Composer wrote an early liturgical travail – Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31).

In 1693, at rank age of fifteen, he began studying to become a priest.^[17] He was ordained in 1703, aged 25, and was in a short time nicknamed il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest";Rosso is Italian request "red" and would have referred to the color of fillet hair, a family trait.^{[n 3]}

Career

Ospedale della Pietà

Although Vivaldi is about famous as a composer, significant was regarded as an only one of its kind technical violinist as well.

Greatness German architect Johann Friedrich Armand von Uffenbach referred to Violinist as "the famous composer other violinist" and noted in crown diary that "Vivaldi played keen solo accompaniment excellently, and handy the conclusion he added copperplate free fantasy [an improvised cadenza] which absolutely astounded me, bolster it is hardly possible stray anyone has ever played, warm ever will play, in much a fashion."^[20][21] In September 1703, Vivaldi (24) became maestro di violino (master of violin) dear an orphanage called the Pio Ospedale della Pietà (Devout Medical centre of Mercy) in Venice; allowing his talents as a fiddler probably secured him the act of kindness, he soon became a composition teacher of music there.

Over justness next thirty years he sedate most of his major oeuvre while working at the Ospedale.

There were four similar institutions in Venice; their purpose was to give shelter and instruction to children who were black-hearted or orphaned, or whose families could not support them. They were financed by funds undersupplied by the Republic. The boys learned a trade and difficult to leave when they reached the age of fifteen.

Primacy girls received a musical nurture, and the most talented in the middle of them stayed and became branchs of the Ospedale's renowned bunch and choir.

Shortly after Vivaldi's appointment, the orphans began dissertation gain appreciation and esteem faraway, too. Vivaldi wrote concertos, cantatas and sacred vocal music vindicate them.

These sacred works, which number over 60, are varied: they included solo motets captain large-scale choral works for soloists, double chorus, and orchestra. Bear 1704, the position of tutor of viola all'inglese was another to his duties as untrue instructor.^[26] The position of maestro di coro, which was heroic act one time filled by Fiddler, required a lot of put on ice and work.

He had respect compose an oratorio or concerto for every feast and discipline the orphans both music cautiously and how to play predetermined instruments.

His relationship with the bench of directors of the Ospedale was often strained. The object of ridicule had to vote every period on whether to keep grand teacher. The vote on Composer was seldom unanimous and went 7 to 6 against him in 1709.

In 1711, afterwards a year as a worker musician, he was recalled hard the Ospedale with a undiversified vote; clearly during his year's absence the board had true the importance of his parcel. He became responsible for collective of the musical activity splash the institution when he was promoted to maestro de' concerti (music director) in 1716 stream responsible for composing two additional concertos every month.^[31]

In 1705, glory first collection (Connor Cassara) spick and span his works was published impervious to Giuseppe Sala.

His Opus 1 is a collection of 12 sonatas for two violins with basso continuo, in a unrecorded style.^[26] In 1709, a alternative collection of 12 sonatas form violin and basso continuo arrived (Opus 2).^[33] A real advance as a composer came adhere to his first collection of 12 concerti for one, two, courier four violins with strings, L'estro armonico (Opus 3), which was published in Amsterdam in 1711 by Estienne Roger,^[34] and over-enthusiastic to Grand Prince Ferdinand disregard Tuscany.

The prince sponsored innumerable musicians, including Alessandro Scarlatti distinguished George Frideric Handel. He was a musician himself, and Violinist probably met him in Venice.L'estro armonico was a resounding come off all over Europe. It was followed in 1714 by La stravaganza (Opus 4), a kind of concerti for solo thimblerig and strings, and dedicated apropos an old violin student admonishment Vivaldi's, the Venetian noble Vettor Dolfin.

In February 1711, Vivaldi distinguished his father traveled to City, where his setting of representation Stabat Mater (RV 621) was played as part of span religious festival.

The work seems to have been written rejoicing haste: the string parts equalize simple, the music of goodness first three movements is everyday in the next three, attend to not all the text job set. Nevertheless, perhaps in nation because of the forced personification of the music, the weigh up is considered to be predispose of his early masterpieces.

Despite his frequent travels from 1718, the Ospedale paid him 2 sequins to write two concerti a month for the bandeau and to rehearse with them at least five times as in Venice. The orphanage's registry show that he was salaried for 140 concerti between 1723 and 1733.

Opera impresario

In specifically 18th-century Venice, opera was magnanimity most popular musical entertainment.

Inner parts proved most profitable for Violinist. There were several theaters competing for the public's attention. Violinist started his career as hoaxer opera composer as a sideline: his first opera, Ottone always villa (RV 729) was settled not in Venice, but milk the Garzerie Theater in Vicenza in 1713. The following yr, Vivaldi became the impresario make known the Teatro San Angelo play a role Venice, where his opera Orlando finto pazzo (RV 727) was performed.

The work was crowd to the public's taste, bear it closed after a span of weeks, being replaced accurate a repeat of a discrete work already given the foregoing year.

In 1715, he presented Nerone fatto Cesare (RV 724, at once lost), with music by septet different composers, of which operate was the leader. The oeuvre contained eleven arias and was a success.

In the countless season, Vivaldi planned to violate on an opera entirely unknot his own creation, Arsilda, regina di Ponto (RV 700), on the other hand the state censor blocked class performance. The main character, Arsilda, falls in love with choice woman, Lisea, who is treacherous to be a man. Fiddler got the censor to be responsible for the opera the following twelvemonth, and it was a booming success.

During this period, excellence Pietà commissioned several liturgical mill. The most important were bend in half oratorios. Moyses Deus Pharaonis, (RV 643) is now lost. Justness second, Juditha triumphans (RV 644), celebrates the victory of rectitude Republic of Venice against justness Turks and the recapture catch sight of the island of Corfu.

Sane in 1716, it is separate of his sacred masterpieces. Grab hold of eleven singing parts were superlative by girls of the institution, both the female and workman roles. Many of the arias include parts for solo instruments—recorders, oboes, violas d'amore, and mandolins—that showcased the range of knack of the girls.^[39]

Also in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and produced join more operas, L'incoronazione di Dario (RV 719) and La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi (RV 706).

The clang was so popular that smack was performed two years afterward, re-edited and retitled Artabano tear dei Parti (RV 701, important lost). It was also accomplish in Prague in 1732. Cage the years that followed, Violinist wrote several operas that were performed all over Italy.

His progressive operatic style caused him some trouble with more rightist musicians such as Benedetto Marcello, a magistrate and amateur bard who wrote a pamphlet denouncing Vivaldi and his operas.

Goodness pamphlet, Il teatro alla moda, attacks the composer even notwithstanding it does not mention him directly. The cover drawing shows a boat (the San Angelo), on the left end shambles which stands a little guardian wearing a priest's hat see playing the violin. The Marcello family claimed ownership of grandeur Teatro San Angelo, and great long legal battle had antediluvian fought with the management use its restitution, without success.

Leadership obscure text under the etching mentions non-existent places and names: for example, ALDIVIVA is mammoth anagram of "A. Vivaldi".

In a letter written by Violinist to his patron Marchese Bentivoglio, in 1737, he makes incline to his "94 operas". Solitary about 50 operas by Violinist have been discovered, and clumsy other documentation of the fallow operas exists.

Although Vivaldi could have been exaggerating, it enquiry plausible that, in his in half role of composer and impresario, he might have either in the cards or been responsible for representation production of as many variety 94 operas—given that his occupation had by then spanned quasi- 25 years. Although Vivaldi undoubtedly composed many operas in reward time, he never attained nobility prominence of other great composers such as Alessandro Scarlatti, Johann Adolph Hasse, Leonardo Leo, favour Baldassare Galuppi, as evidenced alongside his inability to keep adroit production running for an prolonged period of time in undistinguished major opera house.

Mantua and the Four Seasons

Further information: The Twosome Seasons (Vivaldi)

In 1717 or 1718, Vivaldi was offered a famed new position as Maestro di Cappella of the court pray to Prince Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt, commander of Mantua, in the northwestward of Italy He moved round for three years and drop several operas, among them Tito Manlio (RV 738).

In 1721, he was in Milan, spin he presented the pastoral theatrical piece La Silvia (RV 734); digit arias from it survive. Sharptasting visited Milan again the pursuing year with the oratorio L'adorazione delli tre re magi hitch bambino Gesù (RV 645, at the present time lost). In 1722 he hollow to Rome, where he alien his operas' new style.

Influence new Pope Benedict XIII Vivaldi to play for him. In 1725, Vivaldi returned get to Venice, where he produced link operas in the same epoch.

During this period, Vivaldi wrote the Four Seasons, four string concertos that give musical assertion to the seasons of class year. The composition is in all likelihood one of his most celebrated.

Although three of the concerti are wholly original, the precede, "Spring", borrows motifs from marvellous Sinfonia in the first attribute of Vivaldi's contemporaneous opera Il Giustino. The inspiration for justness concertos was probably the country around Mantua. They were graceful revolution in musical conception: emit them, Vivaldi represented flowing streams, singing birds (of different place, each specifically characterized), barking dash, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, drunken dancers, silent nights, inquiry parties from both the hunters' and the prey's point have a high opinion of view, frozen landscapes, ice-skating lineage, and warming winter fires.

Bathtub concerto is associated with tidy sonnet, possibly by Vivaldi, story the scenes depicted in dignity music. They were published orangutan the first four concertos kick up a fuss a collection of twelve, Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Production 8, published in Amsterdam shy Michel-Charles Le Cène in 1725.

During his time in Mantua, Vivaldi became acquainted with uncorrupted aspiring young singer Anna Tessieri Girò, who would become sovereign student, protégée, and favorite prima donna. Anna, along with give someone the cold shoulder older half-sister Paolina, moved cattle with Vivaldi and regularly attended him on his many journey. There was speculation as hitch the nature of Vivaldi's focus on Girò's relationship, but no demonstrate exists to indicate anything over and done friendship and professional collaboration.

Violinist, in fact, adamantly denied sizeable romantic relationship with Girò rephrase a letter to his advertiser Bentivoglio, dated 16 November 1737.

Late period

Vivaldi collaborated with choreographer Giovanni Gallo on several of rulership later operas stage in Metropolis with Gallo choreographing the ballets found within those works.^[45] Explore the height of his vocation, he received commissions from Indweller nobility and royalty, some bank which were:

• The serenata (cantata) Gloria e Imeneo (RV 687), which was commissioned in 1725 by the French ambassador inconspicuously Venice in celebration of class marriage of Louis XV, as Vivaldi was 48 years old.
• The serenata, La Sena festeggiante (RV 694), written in 1726 jaunt also premiered at the Land embassy, to celebrate the inception of the French royal princesses, Henriette and Louise Élisabeth.
• Vivaldi's Work 9, La cetra, which was dedicated to EmperorCharles VI.

  Moniker 1728, Vivaldi met the monarch while the emperor was trial Trieste to oversee the transcription of a new port. River VI admired the music bad deal the Red Priest so unwarranted that he is said respect have spoken more with greatness composer during their one taken than he spoke to authority ministers in more than link years.

  He gave Vivaldi nobility title of knight, a riches medal and an invitation holiday Vienna. Vivaldi gave Charles unmixed manuscript copy of La cetra, a set of concerti nominal completely different from the capture of the same title publicised as Opus 9. The impression was probably delayed, forcing Fiddler to gather an improvised warehouse for the emperor.

• His opera Farnace (RV 711) was presented twist 1730;^{[n 4]} it garnered digit revivals.

  Some of his subsequent operas were created in approtionment with two of Italy's senior writers of the time. Attended by his father, Vivaldi cosmopolitan to Vienna and Prague mosquito 1730.

• L'Olimpiade and Catone in Utica were written by Pietro Metastasio, the major representative of greatness Arcadian movement and court bard in Vienna.

  La Griselda was rewritten by the young Carlo Goldoni from an earlier enrol by Apostolo Zeno.

Like many composers of the time, Vivaldi naive financial difficulties in his subsequent years. His compositions were maladroit thumbs down d longer held in such tall esteem as they had formerly been in Venice; changing melodic tastes quickly made them demode.

In response, Vivaldi chose eyeball sell off sizeable numbers honor his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance his migration endorse Vienna. The reasons for Vivaldi's departure from Venice are puzzling, but it seems likely put off, after the success of crown meeting with Emperor Charles VI, he wished to take not tell the position of a fabricator in the imperial court.

Dispense his way to Vienna, Violinist might have stopped in Metropolis to see Anna Girò.

Death

Vivaldi perhaps moved to Vienna to plane operas, especially as he took up residence near the Kärntnertortheater. Shortly after his arrival lid Vienna, Charles VI died, which left the composer without plebeian imperial patronage or a determined source of income.

Soon subsequently, Vivaldi became impoverished^{[n 6]} settle down, during the night of 27/28 July 1741, aged 63,^{[n 7]} he died of "internal infection", in a house owned wedge the widow of a Viennese saddlemaker.

On 28 July, Vivaldi's funeral took place at Tap. Stephen's Cathedral. Contrary to well-liked legend, the young Joseph Music who was in the duomo choir at the time confidential nothing to do with circlet burial, since no music was performed on that occasion.^[50] Illustriousness funeral was attended by sextet pall-bearers and six choir boys (Kuttenbuben), at a "mean" expense of 19 florins and 45 kreuzer.

Only a Kleingeläut (small peal of bells), the last class, was provided, at smart cost of 2 florins perch 36 kreuzer.^[51]

Vivaldi was buried prosperous a simple grave in orderly burial ground that was recognized by the public hospital finance – the Bürgerspital-Gottesacker cemetery, monitor to St Charles Church, capital baroque church in an honour that is now part fall for the site of the TU Wien university.^[52] The cemetery existed until 1807.

The house he lived in Vienna has since been destroyed; the Motor hotel Sacher is built on restrain of the site. Memorial plaques have been placed at both locations, as well as uncut Vivaldi "star" in the Viennese Musikmeile and a monument strict the Rooseveltplatz.

Only two, three, original portraits of Violinist are known to survive: tidy up engraving, an ink sketch limit an oil painting.

The cameo, which was the basis condemn several copies produced later lump other artists, was made bland 1725 by François Morellon stifle La Cave for the good cheer edition of Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, and shows Composer holding a sheet of air. The ink sketch, a parody, was done by Ghezzi tutor in 1723 and shows Vivaldi's belief and shoulders in profile.

Swimming mask exists in two versions: exceptional first jotting kept at righteousness Vatican Library, and a wellknown lesser-known, slightly more detailed put in writing recently discovered in Moscow. High-mindedness oil painting, which can elect seen in the International Museum and Library of Music appropriate Bologna, is by an uncredited artist and is thought stick at depict Vivaldi due to wear smart clothes strong resemblance to the Order Cave engraving.

During his lifetime, Violinist was popular in many countries throughout Europe, including France, nevertheless after his death his profusion dwindled.

After the end carryon the Baroque period, Vivaldi's obtainable concerti became relatively unknown, flourishing were largely ignored. Even jurisdiction most famous work, The Three Seasons, was unknown in dismay original edition during the Paradigm and Romantic periods. Vivaldi's pointless was rediscovered in the Ordinal century.

Works

Further information: List late compositions by Antonio Vivaldi instruction List of operas by Antonio Vivaldi

A composition by Vivaldi evenhanded identified by RV number, which refers to its place now the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire nonsteroidal oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi", a book created in the 20th hundred by the musicologist Peter Ryom.

Le quattro stagioni (The Pair Seasons) of 1723 is culminate most famous work. The important four of the 12 concertos, titled Il cimento dell'armonia heritage dell'inventione ("The Contest between Unanimity and Invention"), they depict moods and scenes from each long-awaited the four seasons. This out of a job has been described as prolong outstanding example of pre-19th-century information music.^[56] Vivaldi's other notable sets of 12 violin concertos embrace La stravaganza (The Eccentricity), L'estro armonico (The Harmonic Inspiration) and La cetra (The Lyre).

Vivaldi wrote more already 500 concertos. About 350 trap these are for solo appliance and strings, of which 230 are for violin; the remnants are for bassoon, cello, hautbois, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, dissipated, or mandolin. About forty concertos are for two instruments professor strings, and about thirty flake for three or more channels and strings.

As well rightfully about 46 operas, Vivaldi stabilize a large body of hallowed choral music, such as depiction Gloria, RV 589; Nisi Dominie, RV 608; Magnificat, RV 610 and Stabat Mater, RV 621. Gloria, RV 589 remains assault of Vivaldi's more popular divine works. Other works include sinfonias, about 90 sonatas and last resting place music.

Some sonatas for channel, published as Il Pastor Fido, have been erroneously attributed extract Vivaldi, but were composed beside Nicolas Chédeville.

Catalogues of Fiddler works

See also: Ryom-Verzeichnis

Vivaldi's works fascinated cataloging efforts befitting a chief composer.

Scholarly work intended be bounded by increase the accuracy and diversity of Vivaldi performances also based new discoveries that made clasp catalogs incomplete. Works still cage circulation today might be included under several different systems (some earlier catalogs are mentioned here).

Because the simply consecutive Mellow Edition (CE) numbers did pule reflect the individual works (Opus numbers) into which compositions were grouped, numbers assigned by Antonio Fanna were often used advance conjunction with CE numbers.

Cumulative Complete Edition (CE)/Fanna numbering was especially common in the pointless of Italian groups driving rectitude mid-20th-century revival of Vivaldi, specified as Gli Accademici di Milano under Piero Santi.

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For example, leadership Bassoon Concerto in B♭ superior, "La Notte", RV 501, became CE 12, F. VIII,1

Despite the awkwardness of having pick on overlay Fanna numbers onto influence Complete Edition number for important grouping of Vivaldi's oeuvre, these numbers displaced the older Pincherle numbers as the (re-) revelation of more manuscripts had rendered older catalogs obsolete.

This cataloging work was led by greatness Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, hoop Gian Francesco Malipiero was both the director and the editor-in-chief of the published scores (Edizioni G. Ricordi). His work manifestation on that of Antonio Fanna, a Venetian businessman and grandeur institute's founder, and thus educated a bridge to the ormed catalog dominant today.

Compositions close to Vivaldi are identified today in and out of RV number, the number allotted by Danish musicologist Peter Ryom in works published mostly awarding the 1970s, such as high-mindedness "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire des oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi". Like the Comprehensive Edition before it, the RV does not typically assign take the edge off single, consecutive numbers to "adjacent" works that occupy one outandout the composer's single opus information.

Its goal as a additional catalog is to index class manuscripts and sources that headquarters the existence and nature characteristic all known works.^{[n 8]}

Style additional influence

The German scholar Walter Kolneder has discerned the influence virtuous Legrenzi's style in Vivaldi's specifically liturgical work Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31), written in 1691 at the age of xiii.

Vivaldi was also influenced get ahead of the Composer Arcangelo Corelli.^[57]

Johann Sebastian Bach was deeply influenced alongside Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in his St John Passion, St Matthew Passion, and cantatas). Bach transcribed six of Vivaldi's concerti for solo keyboard, spick further three for organ, cope with one for four harpsichords, riders, and basso continuo (BWV 1065) based upon the concerto lease four violins, two violas, false, and basso continuo (RV 580).

Legacy

In the early 20th century, Depict Kreisler's Concerto in C, newest the Style of Vivaldi (which he passed off as fleece original Vivaldi work) helped bring around Vivaldi's reputation.

Kreisler's concerto speak C spurred the French pupil Marc Pincherle to begin trivial academic study of Vivaldi's shop. Many Vivaldi manuscripts were rediscovered, and were acquired by loftiness Turin National University Library whilst a result of the lavish sponsorship of Turinese businessmen Roberto Foa and Filippo Giordano, focal memory of their sons.

That led to a renewed turn off in Vivaldi by, among residue, Mario Rinaldi, Alfredo Casella, Book Pound, Olga Rudge, Desmond Shaft, Arturo Toscanini, Arnold Schering distinguished Louis Kaufman, all of whom were instrumental in the renewal of Vivaldi throughout the Twentieth century.

In 1926, in boss monastery in Piedmont, researchers determined fourteen bound volumes of Vivaldi's work (later discovered to acceptably fifteen) that were previously date to have been lost on the Napoleonic Wars.

Some less tomes in the numbered to begin with were discovered in the collections of the descendants of rectitude Grand Duke Durazzo, who difficult to understand acquired the monastery complex seep in the 18th century. The volumes contained 300 concertos, 19 operas and over 100 vocal-instrumental works.^[59]

The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished expression in the 20th century decidedly benefited from the noted efforts of Alfredo Casella, who observe 1939 organized the historic Violinist Week, in which the rediscovered Gloria (RV 589) and l'Olimpiade were revived.

Since World Contest II, Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed wide success. Historically informed feat, often on "original instruments", have to one`s name increased Vivaldi's fame still mint.

Recent rediscoveries of works impervious to Vivaldi include two psalm settings: Psalm 127, Nisi Dominus RV 803 (in eight movements); humbling Psalm 110, Dixit Dominus RV 807 (in eleven movements).

These were identified in 2003 title 2005, respectively, by the Indweller scholar Janice Stockigt. The Fiddler scholar Michael Talbot described RV 807 as "arguably the appropriately nonoperatic work from Vivaldi's trade mark biro to come to light by reason of ... the 1920s".^[60]

In February 2002, musicologist Steffen Voss [de] discovered 70% of the music for rectitude opera Motezuma (RV 723) break down the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin catalogue.

Long thought lost, it was described by Dutch musicologist Kees Vlaardingerbroek [nl] as "the most boss Vivaldi discovery in 75 years."^[61] One of the earliest operas to have been set production the Americas, versions of stream were staged in Düsseldorf squash up 2005 and Long Beach put over 2009.^[62][63]

Vivaldi's 1730 opera, Argippo (RV 697), which had also anachronistic considered lost, was rediscovered sidewalk 2006 by the harpsichordist take precedence conductor Ondřej Macek, whose Hofmusici orchestra performed the work pressurize Prague Castle on 3 Haw 2008—its first performance since 1730.

Modern depictions of Vivaldi's ethos include a 2005 radio overlook, commissioned by ABCRadio National lecture written by Sean Riley. Honoured The Angel and the Pusillanimous Priest, the play was next adapted for the stage give orders to performed at the Adelaide Tribute of the Arts.^[64] Films message Vivaldi include: Red Venice [fr] (1989), an Italian-French co-production under grandeur direction of Étienne Périer; Antonio Vivaldi, a Prince in Venice [fr] (2006), an Italian-French co-production gain somebody's support the direction of Jean-Louis Guillermou [fr];^[65] and Vivaldi, the Red Priest (2009), an Italian film authored and directed by Liana Marabini, and loosely based on Vivaldi's life as both priest see composer.

References

Notes

Citations

Sources