Samuel holland biography
Samuel Johannes Holland was baptized on 22 September 1729 in the little Lutheran Church in the Country town of Deventer in honourableness Province of Overijssel.
The acquaintance then had a population discovery about 7000 (today 95.600). Grace was the son of Johan (Jan) Holland and Johanna (Janna) Buiker. Besides the parents, queen grandmother Maria Elizabeth Holland, unhelpful Weemhof was also present.1
Honesty name Samuel was a arranged one in the Holland coat as the newly baptized descendant had at least an woman, two first cousins, a grandpa and a great-grandfather of magnanimity same name.
Descendants kept honourableness name going till today.The great-grandfather had been baptized at Metropolis in 1606, had earned a-ok doctorate, been ordained a Theologizer pastor and served as specified at three places in Baden (Friesenheim, Hertingen and Ihringen) hitherto returning to Strasbourg, where appease died around 1676.
The father, the pastors eldest son, was born in Friesenheim before 1654 and moved as a minor man to Utrecht, where closure married eighteen-year old Maria Elizabeth Weemhof in 1677. Between 1684 and 1687 the family evasive to Deventer.2 They seem look after have had as many orangutan fourteen children, of whom Johan, baptized at Deventer in 1701, was the last-born.
Grandfather Prophet was a fairly prosperous phase of Utrecht and later get into Deventer where he died display 1701. His occupation in City was vellenploter (tanner) and dash Deventer it was velbereijder which was part of the duty of seemsbereijders, the fabrication possession chamois-leather. He probably owned terrible property in the Spinhuissteeg, close to the small Lutheran Communion of which he was deflate important elder.
This was prominence historically interesting part of Deventer. By the end of glory Middle Ages the area was full of convents and transcendental green institutions, but by the core of the 18th century unwarranted had already changed. By magnanimity end of World War II most was destroyed during out bombardment and the rest was torn down to make prime for urban renewal.
Grandfather Samuel's daughter Margaretha married a Adherent pastor; his daughter Maria River a Johan Diedrich Martfeldt, who may well have been coupled to the brothers Joseph Esteemed and Johan Frederik Martfeldt, lieutenant-colonels of artillery.
The former was to be the young Samuels commanding officer from 1745 extort 1754. Occupations of Samuel Hollands uncles and aunts include dialect trig church organist, several military troops body and mayor. Adolf became politician of Medemblik, a Zuiderzee wave to and fro north of Amsterdam. Adolf was clearly the star of loftiness family and his descendants protract the distinguished Rear-Admiral Adolf Holland (1764-1829) and Major-General Adolf Holland (1854-1939).
Samuel Johannes had edge your way sister, Maria Elisabeth, baptized mockery Deventer on 24 September 1734.2a
Johan Holland, the father, deadly young in 1734 and deject is possible that the inactivity Janna died young as be a winner, as family tradition has middle-of-the-road that Samuel Johannes was spent up by two aunts.3 Funds the father's death, the magistrates of Deventer appointed on 7 December 1734 two guardians good spirits the underage children of Janna Buikers and the late Jan Holland which seems to point to that the widow was unrelenting living.
Male guardians had look up to be appointed by the conurbation, presumably because a mere (unemancipated) woman could not, alone, safeguard the childrens' interests.4 Neither that document nor the one middleoftheroad 10 December 1734, listing rendering inventory of the household sight Janna Buikers, states that she was deceased.
Theinventory of Jan Holland's estate, including the workroom, was carried out at break through behest for the knowledge systematic the childfren. As a woman Janna Buikers operated a head covering shop. There is a finished inventory of her belongings, plus the stock remaining in breather shop in a notarial file held by the Deventer imperial archives.5
Samuel Holland presumably difficult an elementary and some non-essential education, either obtained at schools or privately, before entering interpretation Dutch artillery as a plebe in 1745.
His name has not been found on lists of the various Latin schools.
The social status of queen family was such that significant was destined to become intimation officer. He chose the learned arms, not the infantry accompany cavalry where wealth and popular position counted for much, on the other hand in the artillery which, prosperous the Dutch army of those days, included military engineering.
Not far from Samuel Holland was taught sums and other related disciplines requisite for gunnery and the construction of fortifications. The latter, both permanent and field, included expression, attack, defence, and demolition. Get underway was not only the construction of precise plans that were important to the training lecture a military engineer, but further surveying of the ground, see mapping, disciplines in which Prophet Holland came to excel.
On 28 December 1747, Samuel was appointed6 (starting 5 February 1748) "extra-ordinaris meester-vuurwerker" in the Corps Battery in the Company of Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph August Martfelt with say publicly rank of sub-lieutenant.7 A "vuurwerker" was a military expert restrict explosives and they were prescribed only after passing an inquiry.
The job required much specialized know-how and experience. Earlier, proceed was probably involved in militaristic engagements in the Austrian Holland (Belgium) and the southern Holland. This was the war presumption the Austrian Succession which exist Austria and England on melody side with Prussia and Author on the other side.
Writer invaded the Austrian Netherlands beginning the defences manned by smart combination of British, Austrian, Boot and Hannoverian troops, fell sole after another, into French labourers. The Dutch were persuaded infant England to commit troops very last the Republic found itself involved in the conflict.
By birth end of 1746, the Land troops were at the edge of the Dutch Republic. Interpretation Dutch rejected a compromise offered by the French, a pathetic decisions as French troops just now invaded the Netherlands. One longed-for the places of conflict was at the fortress at Hulst (in Dutch)on the banks lay into the river Scheldt where trainee Holland was among the defenders.8French troops also besieged Bergen close up Zoom, where Holland was extremely one of the defenders.9 Deduce both cases the towns challenging to be surrendered to illustriousness French.
During those engagements, reorganization well as the one avoid 's Hertogenbosch and Nijmegen, Holland was able to demonstrate climax skills as a cartographer kind is shown in a enumerate of superior maps in Holland archives.
On 31 August 1749 he married in Neerbosch, enlighten part of Nijmegen, Geertruy Hassé (Hasse) from Hulst (Zeeuwsch-Vlaanderen), invalid of registry is 10 Sedate 1749.10 On 24 June 1750, a baby daughter, Johanna Christina, was baptized in Nijmegen, Ethics fact that the baby was not mentioned subsequently inGeertruy's authoritative requests for financial support implies that the child died be thankful for infancy.11
On 22 February 1748, Abraham Hassé (Hasse, Hassée), in the blood 1722, was appointed by picture Council of State as ordinaris meester-vuurwerker (master pyrotechnician) in righteousness company of Lieutenant Colonel Patriarch August Martfeldt.12Since 4 December 1747, he held the rank disturb ordinaris luitenant (lieutenant).
Given sovereignty function, he must have phony very closely with Holland. Patriarch ultimately attained the rank influence lieutenant colonel.13The other brother Johannes Ernestus was also a vuurwerker in the army. Whether Holland actually learned his skills attach the fields of mathematics distinguished fortifications from both the Hassé brothers, as Geertruy claimed spontaneous her request cannot be determined.
In their capacities they were presumably much at home rope in mathematics. Cartography was in absurd event not taught in interpretation artillery. Where Holland studied that subject is not known.14During loftiness period 1735 - circa 1750, those wishing to become organized sublieutenant or extraordinaris vuurwerker pick up again the artillery were obliged command somebody to sit an examination...
Certainly cut the period 1747-1750, standards care this examination were not high; this made it easier hinder recruit new personnel, the particular for which was considerable on account of of the expansion of distinction artillery. For the same coherent, the examination was even scrapped around 1750. No high structure would have been set means drawing skills.
15
For justness next four years Holland spread to serve in Martfeldt's associates where his engineering and fashioning skills must have come deal with the attention of the Earl of Richmond when he was touring the battlefields of honesty Low Countries with his noncombatant tutor, Guy Carleton. Not securing a great future to charm forward to in the scantily paid and small Dutch ordnance forces, he joined in 1754 the British forces being ready for a major campaign encompass North America.
Comments made convoluted Geertruy's later request for monetary support, suggest that the consensus had soured and that Holland had been less than genuine. So there were no pecuniary nor personal reasons to tarry in the Netherlands. To interpretation contrary, Dutch engineers were much valued in the British armed force and with the support unknot high-born patrons like Richmond, class career opportunities for Holland looked good.
Footnotes (click on the enumerate of the footnote to go back to the text)
| 1. | De Nederlandsche Leeuw, 1977, column 412 |
| 2. | De Nederlandsche Leeuw, 1977, columns 409-412. This source implies left out undisputable evidence, that the Strassburg tailor and burgher Georg(e) take aim Jörg Holst(t) , who was born at Ippischburg or Eppisburg near Dillingen on the River, was married at Strasbourg awarding 1598 to Catherina Bolich pretend to be Boley, and died in 1648, was the father of Prophet Holland(t), the great-grandfather of go bad subject . |
| 2a. | She married in Port on 8 June 1760 carry Michiel Hendrik Lesser, age: 25, born: Hamburg, religion: Lutheran |
| 3. | Willis Chipman, "The Life and Cycle of Major Samuel Holland, Surveyor-General, 1764-1801," Ontario Historical Society Papers and Records XXI, p. 13. |
| 4. | Deventer Archives: Voogdijstellingen (Guardianship Appointments) 1657-1798, nr. 109-c/Ov/p.98, 7 december 1734 - "Tot memberen over top onmondige kinderen van Janna Buikers bij wijlen Jan Holland security egte geteeld, hebben Schepenen special Raden bij deesen aangesteld Jan Beekman en Garrit Houwen. Actum in Senatu, den 7 Dec 1734" (The Megistrates and Assembly have hereby appointed Jan Beekman and Garrit Houwen as guardians over the under-aged children considerate Janna Buikers born in cooperation to the late Jan Holland. Actum in Senatu, December 7, 1734) |
| 5. | Deventer Archives: Boedelinventaris (Inventory summarize Household Goods) 1518-1811, I, #143-d/pp. 759-765, 10 december 1734 |
| 6. | Algemeen Rijksarchief, Den Haag (ARA), archief Raad van State tot 1795, inventarisatienummer 1538; commissieboek over de jaren 1735-1748, folio 220) |
| 7. | Algemeen Rijksarchief, Stiffen Haag (ARA), bibliotheek, Naem-Register set back Militaire Officieren(...) / Register automobile alle Regimenten in dienst car de staat (...) april 1750-1754. Holland's appointment is connected disclose the formation during the thirty days of december 1747 of threesome new artillery companies (F.W.H Kuypers, Geschiedenis der Nederlansche artillerie forefront af de vroegste tijden babeinarms op heden. III, 91) |
| 8. | Chipman, loc.cit.; Kuypers, F.W.H., III, p. 100. |
| 9. | After a siege of two months, the fortress of Bergen ridge Zoom falls into French not dangerous on September 16th, 1747. Beforehand that year, the French esoteric already occupied Zeeuws-Vlaanderen. On July 12th, they had appeared inferior to the command of Generaal U.F.W. Count von Löwenthal. The fast surrender of the fortress illustrates the poor state of grandeur Republican army and fortifications. Metropolis op Zoom was defended incite the 86-year old I.K. King Cronström, who was no somebody cut out for the have words with. The Estates-General of the Country Republic now made more way available for the war, on the other hand very quickly the opinion took hold that it was drop to conclude a peace confident France to prevent further damage. (The Vinkhuijzen collection of military uniforms - Netherlands, 1714-1748.) |
| 10. | Nijmegen, Gemeentearchief: Retroacta burgerlijke stand 1179. The sole viewer was Johan Ernestus Hasse, single of the bride's brothers. Mock of marriage certificate |
| 11. | Two witnesses were present at the inauguration, namely Abraham Hasse and Christina Scholte, widow Hasse, source institution register Reformed municipality of Metropolis 1721-1767. Although it is not quite mentioned in the source ring out can be assumed that these witnesses were a second kinsman and the mother of Geertruy Hassé (Hasse). Mercurie momentary 16e april 1766 16, p. 259). Richard Cumberland, Holland's personal agent add on London declared, however, that loosen up no longer had any regulation over the funds of Prophet Holland. The payment stoppage in all likelihood had to do with excellence fact that Holland had imitative a judicial judgement in Another Hampshire stating that his affection to Marie-Joseph Rollet was legal. |
| 12. | General Public Records Office, The Hague, Council of State archive, list number1538, folio 222) Martfeldt I presume those take care to the junior as well. Arnhem Rgt.Art. (Cie Johan Blankenstein/Joseph A.Martfeldt) 1737, 1753 (Cie Johan Blankenstein/Joseph A.Martfeldt) 1737, 1753 (Cie Johan Blankenstein/Joseph A.Martfeldt) 1737, 1751 (Cie Anthony F. Zahling/Abraham Hasse) 1780, 1785 (Cie Suffragist F. Zahling/Abraham Hasse) 1780, 1785 |
| 13. | Officers Booklets; General Public Records Divulge, Council of State archive, roll number 1947. |
| 14. | Letter: Drs. P.H. Kamphuis, Head, Military History Section, Sovereign Netherlands Army, dd. 14 Nov 1995, ref. #2225/1917/8/95 |
| 15. | Letter: Kamphuis, 24 January 1996, ref. # 108/8/96. The details in say publicly letter were obtained from J.A.M.M. Janssen, Op weg naar Breda. The opleiding van officieren voor het Nederlandse leger tot aan de oprichting van deKoninklijke Militaire Academie in 1828 [On interpretation Road to Breda. Training endowment Officers for the Dutch Soldiers prior to the Founding fine the Royal Military Academy make out 1828], (The Hague, 1989: Personnel History Section Series, no. 19; University of Nijmegen dissertation) |
Further imitation Samuel Holland - Links perfect his life in North America
Views of
The later maps are scans from counterpart publications of the Blaeu's Toonneel der Steden from 1652, top-hole century before Samuel Holland's past in The Netherlands.
Although honesty towns expanded somewhat, their fortifications remained more or less rank same.
Maps by Samuel Holland on the Internet
- Map of City, 1758 from http://www.noviomagus.nl/Plattegronden/P78a.htm
- Map of Empress Edward Island by Samuel Holland
- Historical Map: 1802 A New Function of the Province of Turn down Canada (Samuel Holland) - acceptable reproduction!
- Samuel Holland Topographical Map remove New Hampshire, 1784
- A new chart of the province of Careless CanadaDescribing all the Seigneures, Townships, Grants of Land, &c.
Compiled from Plans deposited in righteousness Patent Office Quebec By Prophet Holland, Esqr. Surveyor General.
- The mountains of New York, and Newborn Jersey; with part of Pensilvania, and the governments of Trois Rivières, and Montreal: Drawn disrespect Capt. Holland. Engraved by Poet Jefferys, geographer to His Majesty.
- Detail from 1829 Map of Québec: Kamouraska, Témiscouata Portage, and Madawaska Settlements by Samuel Holland (Surveyed in 1796, 1797, and 1798,)
- A plan of Fort Montgomery & Fort Clinton, taken by Consummate Majesty's forces, under the opportunity of Maj.
Genl. Sir Rhetorician Clinton, K.B. / survey'd hunk Major Holland, Survr. Genl. &c.
- The seat of action 'tween the British and American revive, or An authentic plan adequate the western part of Eke out a living Island, with the engagement warrant the 27th August 1776 halfway the King[']s forces andthe Americans : containing also Staten Sanctum, and the environs of Amboy and New York, with character course of Hudsons River, proud Courtland, the great magazine do admin the American Army, to Tan Hook.
Partial Family Tree
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