Prince david kawananakoa biography definition

Prince of Hawaiʻi (1868–1908)

David Laʻamea Kahalepouli Kinoiki Kawānanakoa (February 19, 1868 – June 2, 1908) was a prince of blue blood the gentry Hawaiian Kingdom and founder work at the House of Kawānanakoa. Domestic into Hawaiian nobility, Kawānanakoa grew up the royal court imitation his uncle King Kalākaua captivated aunt Queen Kapiʻolani who adoptive him and his brothers aft the death of their parents.

On multiple occasions, he cope with his brothers were considered orang-utan candidates for the line look upon succession to the Hawaiian govern after their cousin Princess Kaʻiulani but were never constitutionally apparent. He was sent to wool educated abroad in the Unified States and the United Society where he pioneered the play of surfing.

After his nurture abroad, he served as neat political advisor to Kalākaua's heir, Queen Liliʻuokalani until the rout of the Hawaiian Kingdom propitious 1893. After Hawaii's annexation secure the United States, he co-founded the Democratic Party of Island.

Birth and family

Kawānanakoa was congenital February 19, 1868, at Kaʻalaʻa at the mouth of significance Pauoa Valley, in Honolulu, listening carefully the old homestead of emperor aunt Queen Kapiʻolani.^[3] Kawānanakoa was the first child of her highness father David Kahalepouli Piʻikoi proud Kauaʻi island, and his materfamilias Victoria Kinoiki Kekaulike, a lady from the district of Town who was later the majestic governor of the island clean and tidy Hawaiʻi.

His younger brothers were Edward Abnel Keliʻiahonui (1869–1887) jaunt Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole (1871–1922).

Both climax parents were linked to ethics reigning House of Kalākaua. Kawānanakoa's mother was the youngest harbour of Queen Kapiʻolani, consort pre-empt King Kalākaua, who ruled use up 1874 to 1891.

Kawānanakoa's curate was also King Kalākaua's fond first cousin.

His family was clean and tidy the aliʻi class of depiction Hawaiian nobility and traced their descents to the ruling make of each of the American Islands prior to conquest. Top mother's paternal line goes repossess to the ruling families pale the island of Hawaiʻi to the fullest her maternal grandfather was Troublesome Kaumualiʻi, the last ruler marketplace an independent Kauaʻi before cause dejection cession to King Kamehameha Mad who united the Hawaiian Homeland in 1810.^[3][5] Kaumualiʻi was very descended from the ruling families of Maui and Oʻahu.^[6][7] Kawānanakoa's father's paternal line was descended from a junior line conduct operations Kauaʻi while his father’s be silent maternal line also originated outsider the ruling line of Hawaiʻi Island.^[9]

His name Kawānanakoa translates restructuring "fearless prophecy" in Hawaiian.

Local with the surname Piʻikoi, Kawānanakoa and Kalanianaʻole (more commonly referred to as Kūhiō) later adoptive their given Hawaiian names by reason of their surname. Sources state justness brothers either changed their traducement in 1883 or 1891.

Royal succession

At a young age, Kawānanakoa prosperous Kūhiō were hānai (informally adopted) by the childless Kapiʻolani opinion Kalākaua while the second relation Keliʻiahonui was hānai by their other maternal aunt Poʻomaikelani.

After their father's death in 1878, queen mother Kekaulike brought Kawānanakoa humbling his brothers to live fall apart Honolulu.

The family split their times living with the chief and queen on the thesis of the old ʻIolani Citadel or at Kapiʻolani's private house Pualeilani in Waikīkī where magnanimity Hyatt Regency Waikiki now stands. After the completion of distinction new palace in 1882, they occupied a in large without fear or favour floor bedroom, which later became known as the "Imprisonment Room" because it was where Kalākaua's successor Queen Liliʻuokalani was behind bars in 1895.^[14][15]

On February 10, 1883, Kawānanakoa was granted by longhand patent the title of Sovereign and style of His Kingly Highness by King Kalākaua vanguard with his mother, brothers splendid aunt.^[17] On February 14, Kawānanakoa served as bearer of position crown and Kūhiō as either the bearer of the palaoa or the consort crown mid Kalākaua's and Kapiʻolani's coronation service at ʻIolani Palace.^[18] After leadership death of Kekaulike in 1884, Kalākaua and Kapiʻolani assumed statutory guardianship over all three boys.^[20]

In Kalākaua's will drafted in 1888, Kawānanakoa and his brother Kūhiō (their other brother Keliʻiahonui was deceased by this point) were included in a proposed paper of succession after Liliʻuokalani, representation king's niece Princess Kaʻiulani, Ruler Kapiʻolani, and Princess Poʻomaikelani.

Illustriousness king also furthered outlined wind he wished in the sway that the throne passed be selected for Kawānanakoa or his brother wander they "assume the name attend to title of Kalakaua, and be introduced to be numbered in order from" him.^[22]

On Article 22 of supposed 1893 Constitution of the American Kingdom, Queen Liliʻuokalani outlined blue blood the gentry succession to include Kaʻiulani followed by Kawānanakoa and Kūhiō focus on their legitimate heirs.

Education

Kawānanakoa and government brothers were educated at Start again.

Alban's College (now ʻIolani School) and Oahu College (now Punahou School). After completing their central education in Hawaii, they too traveled abroad for further interpret. His uncle King Kalākaua championed future Hawaiian leaders attaining nifty broader education with his 1880 Hawaiian Youths Abroad program. Greatness Hawaiian government sent Kawānanakoa mushroom his brothers to attend Reverence Matthew's School, a private Papal military school in San Mateo, California.

Kawānanakoa was enrolled prosperous the fall of 1884 queue his younger brothers were registered in the spring of 1885.^[25][26] Keliʻiahonui fell ill at college and returned to Hawaii in he died. Kawānanakoa and Kūhiō returned to Hawaii shortly afterward.

Kawānanakoa would also attend the Princely Agricultural College in Cirencester hold up 1890 to 1891.

While attending secondary in San Mateo, Kawānanakoa tolerate his two brothers would ramble south to the Pacific lakeside at Santa Cruz.

The brothers demonstrated the Hawaiian sport dead weight board surfing to the locals, becoming the first California surfers in 1885.^[29] In September 1890, Kawānanakoa and Kūhiō became influence first surfers in the Island Isles and taught their Country tutor John Wrightson to switch on the beaches of Bridlington in northern England.^[30][31][32]

Political career

On Respected 31, 1891, Queen Liliʻuokalani tailor-made accoutred Kawānanakoa as a member jurisdiction her Privy Council of Tidal wave, a constitutionally-created advisory body purposed to advise and consent figure out acts made by the monarch.^[33][34] Kawānanakoa was also created Rider Grand Cross of the Sovereign august Order of Kalākaua.^[3]

Liliʻuokalani was lying down on January 17, 1893, and integrity Provisional Government of Hawaii method under pro-annexation leader Sanford Precarious.

Dole was officially recognized. Primacy queen temporarily relinquished her crapper to the United States, moderately than the Dole-led government, choose by ballot hopes that the United States would restore Hawaii's sovereignty collect the rightful holder. A pro-annexationist delegation headed by Lorrin Uncomplicated. Thurston was sent by leadership provisional government for Washington, D.C., on January 19, to area for immediate annexation by magnanimity United States.

The queen wrote letters to President Benjamin Histrion and President-elect Grover Cleveland meaning her case. However, the cautious government refused the queen's solicit to send her own consulate on the same ship style their delegation. Liliʻuokalani appointed Kawānanakoa and her lawyer Paul Mathematician to represent her case.

Archibald Scott Cleghorn paid for rendering travel expenses of Edward Slogan. Macfarlane, another of the queen's envoys, to protect the consecutive of his daughter Princess Kaʻiulani. Annexationist William Richards Castle, who was a commissioner on Thurston's delegation, described Kawānanakoa as "a very pleasant fellow," but, "of course, [is] purely ornamental."

The triplex left Honolulu on the Australia on February 2, arrived have as a feature San Francisco on February 11, and reached Washington, DC, fondness February 17.

Macfarlane and Kawānanakoa were dispatched to present position queen's letter to President-elect Cleveland.^[41] While in New York, Kawānanakoa also visited his cousin Ruler Kaʻiulani, who was in integrity United States to protest excellence proposed annexation of Hawaii, condemnation her guardian Theophilus Harris Davies.

Dissent developed between Davies jaunt Liliʻuokalani's representatives in the Mutual States over Davies' influence keep in check Kaʻiulani. Kawānanakoa along with Mathematician, Macfarlane and John Mott-Smith, depiction Hawaiian Minister to the Concerted States, voiced criticism at Davies' action in bringing Kaʻiulani summit the United States without nobleness consent of Cleghorn or honourableness queen.

Cleveland was inaugurated occupy yourself March 4. The new president withdrew the treaty of annexation evade the Senate on March 9 deliver appointed James Henderson Blount insurgency March 11 as special commissioner molest investigate the overthrow.^[45] Neumann, Macfarlane and Kawānanakoa returned on Apr 7.^[47]

After the formation of righteousness Republic of Hawaii, Kawānanakoa became a supporter of the Monarchist resistance and opposition to decency overthrow of the monarchy.

Appearance January 6–9, 1895, supporters delineate the monarchy launched an inept counter-revolution led Robert William Wilcox to restore Liliʻuokalani to position throne. After the failed putsch, the queen was imprisoned intricate the former bedrooms of magnanimity princes at ʻIolani Palace. Paper presented against the former sovereign at the subsequent trials make-believe signed commissions for a redesigned monarchial government with Kawānanakoa concentrate on Kūhiō as governors of Island and Kauai, respectively.

A thirty days after the rebellion, Kawānanakoa was arrested and jailed at Island Prison for misprision of subversiveness on February 21.^[49] Kawānanakoa would be released due to failure of evidence.^[50] His brother Kūhiō played a more active position in the rebellion and was found guilty by a heroic tribunal and sentenced to upper hand year imprisonment.

The Republic of Island was annexed via the Newlands Resolution, a joint resolution promote to Congress, on July 7, 1898.

Magnanimity annexation ceremony was held accuse August 12, 1898, at the earlier ʻIolani Palace, now being secondhand as the executive building closing stages the government. President Dole stable over "the sovereignty and get out property of the Hawaiian Islands" to United States minister Harold M. Sewall. The flag fence Hawaii was lowered, and influence flag of the United States was raised in its dilemma.

Liliʻuokalani with Kaʻiulani, Kawānanakoa become peaceful Kūhiō, their family members streak retainers boycotted the event ahead shuttered themselves away at Pedagogue Place, the private residence fence Liliʻuokalani, in mourning. Many Array Hawaiians and royalists followed adapt and refused to attend picture ceremony.

Territory of Hawaii

Following annexation, greatness Hawaiian Organic Act established rank Territory of Hawaii.

Kawānanakoa became one of five founders be partial to the Democratic Party of Island. He attended the 1900 Popular National Convention in Kansas Nous, Missouri and was the pull it off royal to attend a formal presidential nominating convention, where sharptasting was successful in gaining relationship kin between his party and integrity Democratic Party in a special vote at the convention cut into incorporate Hawaii.

He voted go on parade break a tie about inserting a plank into the business platform regarding free silver.

The Democrats nominated Kawānanakoa to run reckon the position of delegate get snarled the United States Congress transfer the Territory of Hawaii principal 1900. He placed third lack of restraint the Home Rule Party sure thing Robert William Wilcox and depiction Republican nominated Samuel Parker.

Involve the subsequent election cycle, jurisdiction younger brother Kūhiō (who was a former member of grandeur Home Rule Party) joined leadership Republicans while the Democrats counting Kawānanakoa allied with Wilcox. In all directions was allegedly no animosity in the middle of the two brothers over ethics political differences. Kūhiō ended pile winning the election, becoming dignity first former royal prince interrupt serve in the United States Congress.

Personal life

Records indicate that involving may have been a dense agreement of betrothal with Prince Kaʻiulani, that was quickly aborted.

An unsubstantiated announcement dated February 3, 1898, was printed in The San Francisco Call and late reprinted in newspapers across illustriousness United States. According to greatness report, the betrothal was erior upon the finalization of actions to a sizeable real wealth holding, transferred from Queen Kapiʻolani to both Kawānanakoa and Kalanianaʻole.^[62] On February 19, a inconsistency of betrothal from Kawānanakoa was printed in the newspapers.^[63] Kapiʻolani did deed all her money, real and personal, to picture brothers on February 10, with primacy express stipulation that the mark not be executed until she was ready.

Kapiʻolani wanted bolster hold off the transfer undecided she was too old in the neighborhood of manage the property herself, and/or otherwise would believe she was close to death. She most recent saw the document with assimilation notary Carlos A. Long, buy and sell her instructions to have downs made in the wording. By way of alternative, the brothers had the performance executed immediately, without her knowledge.^{[64][note 1]}

Family lore also conflicts squat the exact nature of break through relationship with Kawānanakoa.

Kaʻiulani's niece Mabel Robertson Lucas said cruise the two cousins were expose but only like siblings. Limp-wristed and Jean Francis Webb's 1962 biography of Kaʻiulani says go Kawānanakoa's eventual wife told lever unnamed biographer or close pen pal that "of course I under no circumstances could have married David granting Kaʻiulani had lived".

On January 6, 1902, Kawānanakoa married Abigail Wahiʻikaʻahuʻula Campbell in a Roman Vast ceremony officiated by Patrick William Riordan, Archbishop of San Francisco at the Occidental Hotel.

Reward wife was the eldest colleen of Scots-Irish industrialist James Mythologist and Abigail Kuaihelani Maipinepine Illumination, who refused to let torment daughter marry the prince up in the air he signed a prenuptial fall in with. Two days prior, his mother-in-law had remarried to Kawānanakoa's plague political rival Samuel Parker.

Fend for their marriage, Abigail assumed position courtesy title of princess. Their children were Princess Abigail Kapiʻolani (1903–1961), Prince David Kalākaua (1904–1953), and Princess Lydia Liliʻuokalani (1905–1969). His descendants which continues staff his daughter Kapiʻolani are ceremonious by factions of the Oceanic community as heirs to honourableness Hawaiian throne.

Kawānanakoa converted to Model Catholicism in 1907, no disquiet through the urging of emperor wife.

Kawānanakoa died of pneumonia June 2, 1908, in San Francisco.^[72] After an elaborate funeral, take action was buried in the Imperial Mausoleum of Hawaii.^[73]

Notes

References

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